ImmunoOncology (I-O) is a fast developing field in which drugs stimulate the patient’s immune system to fight cancer. I-O include immune-checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and DAR-T, CAR-T cell & BiTE immunotherapies. Read our I-O blog and learn more about this fast-evolving field of medicine.
Since 2011, when the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) approved ipilimumab (Yervoy®) for malignant melanoma, several immune-checkpoint inhibitors have been granted marketing authorisation. Do you know all the indications? MediPaper made an overview of all the U.S. FDA approved immune-checkpoint inhibitors and other U.S. FDA approved immunotherapies.
First-line nivolumab-ipilimumab in TMB-high NSCLC with was associated with a more than tripled 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate compared to platinum-based chemotherapy in the Phase III CheckMate 227 trial (NCT02477826).
Frontline pembrolizumab (KeytrudaⓇ) plus standard platinum-based chemotherapy reduces the risk of death by more than 50% in patients with nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) not harbouring EGFR or ALK genetic aberrations, as shown by the Phase III KEYNOTE-189 (NCT02578680).
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) as single-agent immunotherapy in the frontline setting of any histology NSCLC with a PD-L1 expression ≥1% was associated with improved overall survival (OS) when compared to platinum-doublet chemotherapy in the KEYNOTE-042.
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Nivolumab (OpdivoⓇ) immunotherapy is active in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A study published in JCO by Brigette Ma (CUHK) and a team of researchers from Hong Kong, Singapore, and the US showed promising results with nivolumab in NPC. Read more about immunotherapy in NPC.
The expansion of therapeutic options with immunotherapies will reflect a dramatic change in the guidelines for lung cancer, where immunotherapies mostly compete with the use of chemotherapeutic agents. A brief communication on immunotherapies for NSCLC.
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The CICS Annual Conference on Immuno Oncology is offering the most significant advances in the world of oncology. The goal of the meeting is to convey the clinical and translational advances in various areas of cancer immunology to medical oncologists, medical students, and other health professionals.
The United States Food and Drug Agency (US FDA) require the development of companion diagnostics (CDx). CDx can help to identify patients at risk and guide patient selection. Moreover, it serves as a marker for treatment outcome. Thus enabling physicians to better balance safety with efficacy. The US FDA motivates the development of a CDx in early stages of clinical studies.
The number of different types of T-helper cells (Th) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8) may predict response to ipilimumab in several malignancies. This was concluded by Dr Juan Pablo Márquez Manríquez who presented the study at the ESMO conference on behalf of the investigators of the Sonora Cancer Research Center (CICS) in Mexico and the United States (U.S.).
ESMO 2016 ipilimumab data is largely focussed on melanoma. Of the three Late Breaking Abstracts (LBA), two will discuss the use of ipilimumab in melanoma. The third LBA will discuss the use of ipilimumab in squamous cell head and neck cancer (SCCHN / HNSCC).
Late breaking abstracts at ESMO 2016 with pembrolizumab are largely in lung cancer. Data includes the phase III Keynote-010, the Keynote-024 study, and a study combining ramucirumab with pembrolizumab in NSCLC will be presented. Furthermore, late breaking abstracts will include data of pembrolizumab in urothelial cancer, the KEYNOTE-052 study.
Avelumab and durvalumab both are PD-L1 targeted antibodies, similar to atezolizumab (Tecentriq™), which was recently approved by the US FDA. Tremelimumab is a CTLA-4 inhibitor, similar to ipilimumab. It is a drug with a long history and also known as CP-675,206 and ticilimumab. The drug has been extensively investigated with mixed results.
ESMO 2016 atezolizumab data is focussed on lung cancer, melanoma, and urothelial cancer. Data includes cohort 1 of the Phase II IMvigor 210 Study in first-line metastatic Urothelial Cancer (mUC). The latest U.S. FDA approved indication for atezolizumab was Metastatic Urothelial Cancer in May 2016.
ESMO 2016 nivolumab data in Late Breaking Abstracts is focused on two studies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; CheckMate 026 and a neoadjuvant study), one presentation in combination with ipilimumab in stage 3 palpable melanoma (OpACIN trial), and finally a presentation in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC; CheckMate-275 trial).
A phase II proof-of-concept (POC) study investigating the safety and tolerability of immune modulator IMM-101 plus gemcitabine vs. single agent gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) showed significant improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in metastatic patients receiving the combination treatment.
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