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In February 2025, Dr Shirley Liu (Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong) and Dr Shelly Ni (Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong) shared their experience and expertise on gastric neuroendocrine tumours (NETs).
Rheumatic diseases are characterised by autoimmunity with autoantibody production against individuals’ own tissues. Although patients may present with a spectrum of symptoms ranging from localised to systemic manifestations, they are generally categorised according to the structures predominantly involved…
While much has been discussed about maternal-foetal wellbeing in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)’s influence on the female and male reproductive systems is less well studied.
Pregnancy can be divided into three trimesters, corresponding to different stages of foetal development — the first trimester (Weeks 0 to 13+6) is characterised by foetal organ growth including neurodevelopment and craniofacial development; developed organs gain functionality during the second trimester (Weeks 14 to 26+6) and the foetus grows further and prepares for viability at the third trimester (Weeks 27 to 40+6).
Pregnancy is accompanied by cardiovascular changes, namely increased sympathetic drive, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation for plasma volume expansion, as well as increased erythropoiesis for efficient oxygen and nutrient delivery; these altogether meet the metabolic and circulatory demands for maternal-foetal wellbeing.
Inflammation and homeostasis disruption, from either coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and vaccination, can give rise to cardiovascular pathology.
Influenza types A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, 3 have long been categorised as the common respiratory viruses in Hong Kong.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation on 11th March, 2020, as justified by the virus’ uncontrollable, international spread.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. As its name suggests, SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets at hosts’ respiratory tracts.
Microorganisms are omnipresent, yet most of us do not get infected easily. Patients who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), however, are an exception. This can be attributed to host immunosuppression caused by the virus.