Delayed therapy start and antiretroviral therapy (ART) resistance are two common issues affecting up to 33% and 17% of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), respectively. These patients commonly present with higher viral loads, lower CD4 T-cell count, and complications such as infections requiring acute treatment. For those patients presenting with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or those who have breakthrough HIV, and who present with opportunistic infections and comorbidities requiring hospitalisation, ART treatments are limited.